python记录到数据库

Question

我正在寻找一种方法让 python 记录器模块记录到数据库并在数据库关闭时回退到文件系统。

所以基本上有两件事:如何让记录器记录到数据库以及如何在数据库关闭时使其落入文件记录。

Answer 1

我最近设法用 Python 编写了自己的数据库记录器。由于我找不到任何示例，我想我在这里发布我的示例。适用于 MS SQL。

数据库表可能如下所示:

CREATE TABLE [db_name].[log](
    [id] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [log_level] [int] NULL,
    [log_levelname] [char](32) NULL,
    [log] [char](2048) NOT NULL,
    [created_at] [datetime2](7) NOT NULL,
    [created_by] [char](32) NOT NULL,
) ON [PRIMARY]

类本身:

class LogDBHandler(logging.Handler):
    '''
    Customized logging handler that puts logs to the database.
    pymssql required
    '''
    def __init__(self, sql_conn, sql_cursor, db_tbl_log):
        logging.Handler.__init__(self)
        self.sql_cursor = sql_cursor
        self.sql_conn = sql_conn
        self.db_tbl_log = db_tbl_log

    def emit(self, record):
        # Set current time
        tm = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(record.created))
        # Clear the log message so it can be put to db via sql (escape quotes)
        self.log_msg = record.msg
        self.log_msg = self.log_msg.strip()
        self.log_msg = self.log_msg.replace('\'', '\'\'')
        # Make the SQL insert
        sql = 'INSERT INTO ' + self.db_tbl_log + ' (log_level, ' + \
            'log_levelname, log, created_at, created_by) ' + \
            'VALUES (' + \
            ''   + str(record.levelno) + ', ' + \
            '\'' + str(record.levelname) + '\', ' + \
            '\'' + str(self.log_msg) + '\', ' + \
            '(convert(datetime2(7), \'' + tm + '\')), ' + \
            '\'' + str(record.name) + '\')'
        try:
            self.sql_cursor.execute(sql)
            self.sql_conn.commit()
        # If error - print it out on screen. Since DB is not working - there's
        # no point making a log about it to the database :)
        except pymssql.Error as e:
            print sql
            print 'CRITICAL DB ERROR! Logging to database not possible!'

及用法示例:

import pymssql
import time
import logging

db_server = 'servername'
db_user = 'db_user'
db_password = 'db_pass'
db_dbname = 'db_name'
db_tbl_log = 'log'

log_file_path = 'C:\\Users\\Yourname\\Desktop\\test_log.txt'
log_error_level     = 'DEBUG'       # LOG error level (file)
log_to_db = True                    # LOG to database?

class LogDBHandler(logging.Handler):
    [...]

# Main settings for the database logging use
if (log_to_db):
    # Make the connection to database for the logger
    log_conn = pymssql.connect(db_server, db_user, db_password, db_dbname, 30)
    log_cursor = log_conn.cursor()
    logdb = LogDBHandler(log_conn, log_cursor, db_tbl_log)

# Set logger
logging.basicConfig(filename=log_file_path)

# Set db handler for root logger
if (log_to_db):
    logging.getLogger('').addHandler(logdb)
# Register MY_LOGGER
log = logging.getLogger('MY_LOGGER')
log.setLevel(log_error_level)

# Example variable
test_var = 'This is test message'

# Log the variable contents as an error
log.error('This error occurred: %s' % test_var)

上面将记录到数据库和文件中。如果不需要文件 - 跳过 'logging.basicConfig(filename=log_file_path)' 行。使用“日志”记录的所有内容 - 将被记录为 MY_LOGGER。如果出现一些外部错误(即在导入的模块中或其他内容中) - 错误将显示为“root”，因为“root”记录器也处于事件状态，并且正在使用数据库处理程序。