python - Matplotlib 崩溃 tkinter 应用程序

Question

我正在构建一个将 matplotlib 图嵌入 GUI 的应用程序。问题是，一旦我将 matplotlib 中的任何内容添加到我的代码中，我的应用程序就会崩溃(导入除外，这些都照常工作)。问题出现在我的类 Solver_App 中 tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)。当我运行代码时，我得到了一个巨大的错误并且应用程序崩溃了。这是我的一些代码:

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

import matplotlib
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

# Setting up figures for integration in GUI:
fig_3D = plt.figure()
fig_2D = plt.figure()
a_3D = fig_3D.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
a_2D = fig_2D.add_subplot(111)
a_3D.plot_wireframe([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 7, 6, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], color="blue")

class Solver_App(tk.Tk, ttk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)  # This is where the app crashes.

        # Equation frame holds everything related to the input and configuration of the equations.
        equation_frame = ttk.Frame(self)
        equation_frame.pack(side="bottom", fill="x", pady=50, padx=50)

        # More code goes here...

# There are more classes with a similar setup as the one above...

app = Solver_App()
app.mainloop()

这是我在运行代码时遇到的巨大错误:

2015-08-14 15:18:29.142 Python[50796:18837594] -[NSApplication _setup:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x10216a830
2015-08-14 15:18:29.143 Python[50796:18837594] An uncaught exception was raised
2015-08-14 15:18:29.143 Python[50796:18837594] -[NSApplication _setup:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x10216a830
2015-08-14 15:18:29.144 Python[50796:18837594] (
    0   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9901b03c __exceptionPreprocess + 172
    1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00007fff9436476e objc_exception_throw + 43
    2   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9901e0ad -[NSObject(NSObject) doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 205
    3   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff98f63e24 ___forwarding___ + 1028
    4   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff98f63998 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
    5   Tk                                  0x00000001024ad527 TkpInit + 476
    6   Tk                                  0x0000000102427aca Tk_Init + 1788
    7   _tkinter.so                         0x00000001006e5f2d Tcl_AppInit + 77
    8   _tkinter.so                         0x00000001006e30d6 Tkinter_Create + 934
    9   Python                              0x00000001000e44ce PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 28894
    10  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    11  Python                              0x000000010003e8ba function_call + 186
    12  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    13  Python                              0x00000001000e0cb9 PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 14537
    14  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    15  Python                              0x000000010003e8ba function_call + 186
    16  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    17  Python                              0x000000010002802c method_call + 140
    18  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    19  Python                              0x000000010007b831 slot_tp_init + 81
    20  Python                              0x0000000100072d14 type_call + 212
    21  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    22  Python                              0x00000001000e1b09 PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 18201
    23  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    24  Python                              0x00000001000e5daf PyEval_EvalCode + 63
    25  Python                              0x000000010011048e PyRun_FileExFlags + 206
    26  Python                              0x000000010011083d PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags + 717
    27  Python                              0x000000010012810e Py_Main + 3262
    28  Python                              0x0000000100000e32 Python + 3634
    29  Python                              0x0000000100000c84 Python + 3204
    30  ???                                 0x0000000000000002 0x0 + 2
)
2015-08-14 15:18:29.144 Python[50796:18837594] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[NSApplication _setup:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x10216a830'
*** First throw call stack:
(
    0   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9901b03c __exceptionPreprocess + 172
    1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00007fff9436476e objc_exception_throw + 43
    2   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9901e0ad -[NSObject(NSObject) doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 205
    3   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff98f63e24 ___forwarding___ + 1028
    4   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff98f63998 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
    5   Tk                                  0x00000001024ad527 TkpInit + 476
    6   Tk                                  0x0000000102427aca Tk_Init + 1788
    7   _tkinter.so                         0x00000001006e5f2d Tcl_AppInit + 77
    8   _tkinter.so                         0x00000001006e30d6 Tkinter_Create + 934
    9   Python                              0x00000001000e44ce PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 28894
    10  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    11  Python                              0x000000010003e8ba function_call + 186
    12  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    13  Python                              0x00000001000e0cb9 PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 14537
    14  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    15  Python                              0x000000010003e8ba function_call + 186
    16  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    17  Python                              0x000000010002802c method_call + 140
    18  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    19  Python                              0x000000010007b831 slot_tp_init + 81
    20  Python                              0x0000000100072d14 type_call + 212
    21  Python                              0x000000010000d3c8 PyObject_Call + 104
    22  Python                              0x00000001000e1b09 PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 18201
    23  Python                              0x00000001000e5ced PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 2349
    24  Python                              0x00000001000e5daf PyEval_EvalCode + 63
    25  Python                              0x000000010011048e PyRun_FileExFlags + 206
    26  Python                              0x000000010011083d PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags + 717
    27  Python                              0x000000010012810e Py_Main + 3262
    28  Python                              0x0000000100000e32 Python + 3634
    29  Python                              0x0000000100000c84 Python + 3204
    30  ???                                 0x0000000000000002 0x0 + 2
)
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException

我一直在引用 [found here](http://pythonprogramming.net/how-to-embed-matplotlib-graph-tkinter-gui/“如何将 Matplotlib 图形嵌入到您的 Tkinter GUI”) 教程中的代码，但他们的示例似乎运行良好。是什么导致了这个问题，如何解决？

• 我正在使用 Python 3.4、matplotlib 1.4.3 并运行 Mac OS Yosemite。

Answer 1

您需要明确设置 TkAgg 后端。我可以重现你的错误。使用下面的代码，问题就解决了。

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

请注意，设置 TkAgg 后端在 导入 pyplot 之后也不起作用；它也崩溃了。您需要在导入 pyplot 之前进行设置。 (使用 MPL 1.4.3、tkinter.TkVersion 8.6 测试)