python - 将 python 库/应用程序打包为 .egg 文件有什么好处？

Question

我已经阅读了一些关于 .egg 文件的内容，并且在我的 lib 目录中注意到了它们，但是作为开发人员使用 then 的优点/缺点是什么？

Answer 1

来自 Python Enterprise Application Kit community :

"Eggs are to Pythons as Jars are to Java..."

Python eggs are a way of bundling additional information with a Python project, that allows the project's dependencies to be checked and satisfied at runtime, as well as allowing projects to provide plugins for other projects. There are several binary formats that embody eggs, but the most common is '.egg' zipfile format, because it's a convenient one for distributing projects. All of the formats support including package-specific data, project-wide metadata, C extensions, and Python code.

The primary benefits of Python Eggs are:

• They enable tools like the "Easy Install" Python package manager

• .egg files are a "zero installation" format for a Python package; no build or install step is required, just put them on PYTHONPATH or sys.path and use them (may require the runtime installed if C extensions or data files are used)

• They can include package metadata, such as the other eggs they depend on

• They allow "namespace packages" (packages that just contain other packages) to be split into separate distributions (e.g. zope., twisted., peak.* packages can be distributed as separate eggs, unlike normal packages which must always be placed under the same parent directory. This allows what are now huge monolithic packages to be distributed as separate components.)

• They allow applications or libraries to specify the needed version of a library, so that you can e.g. require("Twisted-Internet>=2.0") before doing an import twisted.internet.

• They're a great format for distributing extensions or plugins to extensible applications and frameworks (such as Trac, which uses eggs for plugins as of 0.9b1), because the egg runtime provides simple APIs to locate eggs and find their advertised entry points (similar to Eclipse's "extension point" concept).

• There are also other benefits that may come from having a standardized format, similar to the benefits of Java's "jar" format.

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