python - [ :, :] 在 NumPy 数组上是什么意思

Question

抱歉这个愚蠢的问题。我在 PHP 上编程，但在 Python 上找到了一些不错的代码，并想在 PHP 上“重新创建”它。但我对这条线很沮丧

self.h = -0.1    
self.activity = numpy.zeros((512, 512)) + self.h
self.activity[:, :] = self.h

但我不明白是什么

[:, :]

意思。

此外，我无法“Google It”。

完整代码

import math
import numpy
import pygame
from scipy.misc import imsave
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter


class AmariModel(object):

    def __init__(self, size):
        self.h = -0.1
        self.k = 0.05
        self.K = 0.125
        self.m = 0.025
        self.M = 0.065

        self.stimulus = -self.h * numpy.random.random(size)
        self.activity = numpy.zeros(size) + self.h
        self.excitement = numpy.zeros(size)
        self.inhibition = numpy.zeros(size)

    def stimulate(self):
        self.activity[:, :] = self.activity > 0

        sigma = 1 / math.sqrt(2 * self.k)
        gaussian_filter(self.activity, sigma, 0, self.excitement, "wrap")
        self.excitement *= self.K * math.pi / self.k

        sigma = 1 / math.sqrt(2 * self.m)
        gaussian_filter(self.activity, sigma, 0, self.inhibition, "wrap")
        self.inhibition *= self.M * math.pi / self.m

        self.activity[:, :] = self.h
        self.activity[:, :] += self.excitement
        self.activity[:, :] -= self.inhibition
        self.activity[:, :] += self.stimulus


class AmariMazeGenerator(object):

    def __init__(self, size):
        self.model = AmariModel(size)

        pygame.init()
        self.display = pygame.display.set_mode(size, 0)
        pygame.display.set_caption("Amari Maze Generator")

    def run(self):
        pixels = pygame.surfarray.pixels3d(self.display)

        index = 0
        running = True
        while running:
            self.model.stimulate()

            pixels[:, :, :] = (255 * (self.model.activity > 0))[:, :, None]
            pygame.display.flip()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    running = False
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                        running = False
                    elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                        imsave("{0:04d}.png".format(index), pixels[:, :, 0])
                        index = index + 1
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    position = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                    self.model.activity[position] = 1

        pygame.quit()


def main():
    generator = AmariMazeGenerator((512, 512))
    generator.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 1

[:, :] 代表从头到尾的所有内容，就像列表一样。不同的是，第一个 : 代表第一个维度，第二个 : 代表第二个维度。

a = numpy.zeros((3, 3))

In [132]: a
Out[132]: 
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.]])

分配到第二行:

In [133]: a[1, :] = 3

In [134]: a
Out[134]: 
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 3.,  3.,  3.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.]])

分配给第二列:

In [135]: a[:, 1] = 4

In [136]: a
Out[136]: 
array([[ 0.,  4.,  0.],
       [ 3.,  4.,  3.],
       [ 0.,  4.,  0.]])

分配给所有人:

In [137]: a[:] = 10

In [138]: a
Out[138]: 
array([[ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.]])