python - Python中有一个函数可以列出特定对象的属性和方法吗？

Question

Python 中有没有列出特定对象的属性和方法的函数？

类似:

ShowAttributes ( myObject )

   -> .count
   -> .size

ShowMethods ( myObject )

   -> len
   -> parse

Answer 1

你想看看dir()功能:

>>> li = []
>>> dir(li)      
['append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert',
'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

li is a list, so dir(li) returns a list of all the methods of a list. Note that the returned list contains the names of the methods as strings, not the methods themselves.

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根据评论进行编辑:

不，这也会显示所有继承的方法。考虑这个例子:

test.py:

class Foo:
    def foo(): pass

class Bar(Foo):
    def bar(): pass

Python 解释器:

>>> from test import Foo, Bar
>>> dir(Foo)
['__doc__', '__module__', 'foo']
>>> dir(Bar)
['__doc__', '__module__', 'bar', 'foo']

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您应该注意 Python's documentation状态:

Note: Because dir() is supplied primarily as a convenience for use at an interactive prompt, it tries to supply an interesting set of names more than it tries to supply a rigorously or consistently defined set of names, and its detailed behavior may change across releases. For example, metaclass attributes are not in the result list when the argument is a class.

因此，在您的代码中使用它是不安全的。请改用 vars()。 Vars() 不包含有关父类(super class)的信息，您必须自己收集它们。

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如果您使用 dir() 在交互式解释器中查找信息，请考虑使用 help()。