python - 如何在 django shell 中重新加载模块？

Question

我正在使用 Django 并一直使用 Django shell。烦人的部分是，当 Django 服务器重新加载代码更改时，shell 不会，所以每次我对正在测试的方法进行更改时，我都需要退出 shell 并重新启动它，重新导入我的所有模块需要，重新初始化我需要的所有变量等。虽然 iPython 历史在这方面节省了很多打字，但这仍然很痛苦。有没有办法让 django shell 自动重新加载，就像 django 开发服务器一样？

我知道reload()，但是我导入了很多模型，一般使用from app.models import *语法，所以reload()帮不上什么忙。

Answer 1

我建议使用 IPython autoreload extension .

./manage.py shell

In [1]: %load_ext autoreload
In [2]: %autoreload 2

从现在开始，所有导入的模块都将在评估之前刷新。

In [3]: from x import print_something
In [4]: print_something()
Out[4]: 'Something'

 # Do changes in print_something method in x.py file.

In [5]: print_something()
Out[5]: 'Something else'

如果在 %load_ext autoreload 命令之前导入了某些内容，也可以使用。

./manage.py shell
In [1]: from x import print_something
In [2]: print_something()
Out[2]: 'Something'

 # Do changes in print_something method in x.py file.

In [3]: %load_ext autoreload
In [4]: %autoreload 2
In [5]: print_something()
Out[5]: 'Something else'

还可以使用 %aimport 命令和 3 个自动重载策略来阻止某些导入刷新:

%autoreload

• Reload all modules (except those excluded by %aimport) automatically now.

%autoreload 0

• Disable automatic reloading.

%autoreload 1

• Reload all modules imported with %aimport every time before executing the Python code typed.

%autoreload 2

• Reload all modules (except those excluded by %aimport) every time before executing the Python code typed.

%aimport

• List modules which are to be automatically imported or not to be imported.

%aimport foo

• Import module ‘foo’ and mark it to be autoreloaded for %autoreload 1

%aimport -foo

• Mark module ‘foo’ to not be autoreloaded.

这通常适合我的使用，但有一些注意事项:

• Replacing code objects does not always succeed: changing a @property in a class to an ordinary method or a method to a member variable can cause problems (but in old objects only).
• Functions that are removed (eg. via monkey-patching) from a module before it is reloaded are not upgraded.
• C extension modules cannot be reloaded, and so cannot be autoreloaded.