Python unittest - setUpClass() 给我带来了麻烦 - 为什么我不能这样继承？

Question

我有如下的单元测试代码:

import unittest

class MyUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUpClass(self):
        do_something_expensive_for_all_sets_of_tests()

class MyFirstSetOfTests(MyUnitTest):
    def setUpClass(self):
        super(MyFirstSetOfTests, self).setUpClass()
        do_something_expensive_for_just_these_first_tests()

    def test_one(self):
        ...

    def test_two(self):
        ...

class MySecondSetOfTests(MyUnitTest):
    def setUpClass(self):
        super(MySecondSetOfTests, self).setUpClass()
        do_something_expensive_for_just_these_second_tests()

    def test_one(self):
        ...

    def test_two(self):
        ...

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

当我尝试运行此代码时，我收到如下错误:

======================================================================
ERROR: setUpClass (__main__.MyFirstSetOfTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError: unbound method setUpClass() must be called with MyFirstSetOfTests instance as first argument (got nothing instead)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer 1

setUpClass 必须是一个类方法。来自 documentation :

A class method called before tests in an individual class run. setUpClass is called with the class as the only argument and must be decorated as a classmethod():

@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
    ...

See Class and Module Fixtures for more details.

您的版本缺少 @classmethod decorator :

class MyUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        do_something_expensive_for_all_sets_of_tests()

class MyFirstSetOfTests(MyUnitTest):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(MyFirstSetOfTests, cls).setUpClass()
        do_something_expensive_for_just_these_first_tests()

抛出错误是因为 类 调用了 MyFirstSetOfTests.setUpClass()，而不是实例，但您没有将方法标记为 classmethod，因此它没有在自动 self 参数中传递。在上面更新的代码中，我改用 cls 来反射(reflect)名称引用了类对象。