java - 如何通过使用父类(super class)来减少代码？

Question

我想重构一些目前由一个父类(super class)和两个子类组成的代码。

这些是我的类(class):

public class Animal {
    int a;
    int b;
    int c;
}

public class Dog extends Animal {
    int d;
    int e;
}

public class Cat extends Animal {
    int f; 
    int g;
}

这是我当前的代码:

ArrayList<Animal> listAnimal = new ArrayList<>();

if (condition) {
    Dog dog = new Dog();
    dog.setA(..);
    dog.setB(..);
    dog.setC(..);
    dog.setD(..);
    dog.setE(..);   
    listAnimal.add(dog);

} else {
    Cat cat = new Cat();
    cat.setA(..);
    cat.setB(..);
    cat.setC(..);
    cat.setF(..);
    cat.setG(..);
    listAnimal.add(cat);
}

如何重构有关公共(public)属性的代码？

我想要这样的东西:

Animal animal = new Animal();
animal.setA(..);
animal.setB(..);
animal.setC(..);

if (condition) {
    Dog anim = (Dog) animal; //I know it doesn't work
    anim.setD(..);
    anim.setE(..);  
} else {
    Cat anim = (Cat) animal; //I know it doesn't work
    anim.setF(..);
    anim.setG(..);
}

listAnimal.add(anim);

Answer 1

拥有 Animal 类型的变量的想法很好。但你也必须确保使用正确的构造函数:

Animal animal; // define a variable for whatever animal we will create

if (condition) {
    Dog dog = new Dog(); // create a new Dog using the Dog constructor
    dog.setD(..);
    dog.setE(..);  
    animal = dog; // let both variables, animal and dog point to the new dog
} else {
    Cat cat = new Cat(); 
    cat.setF(..);
    cat.setG(..);
    animal = cat;
}

animal.setA(..); // modify either cat or dog using the animal methods
animal.setB(..);
animal.setC(..);

listAnimal.add(animal);

提示:如果 Animal 总是 Cat 或 Dog，请考虑将 Animal abstract。然后，每当您尝试执行 new Animal() 时，编译器都会自动报错。