java - 如何在 Java 中正确地将 CMYK 转换为 RGB？

Question

我将 CMYK jpeg 转换为 RGB 的 Java 代码导致输出图像太亮 - 请参见下面的代码。任何人都可以提出正确的转换方法吗？

以下代码需要Java Advanced Image IO阅读 jpeg 和 example-cmyk.jpg

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.ColorConvertOp;
import java.io.File;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class TestCmykToRgb {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage cmykImage = ImageIO.read(new File(
                "j:\\temp\\example-cmyk.jpg"));


        BufferedImage rgbImage = new BufferedImage(cmykImage.getWidth(),
                cmykImage.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(null);
        op.filter(cmykImage, rgbImage);

        ImageIO.write(rgbImage, "JPEG", new File("j:\\temp\\example-rgb.jpg"));

    }
}

Answer 1

现有答案中已经有很多好东西。但它们都不是处理不同类型 CMYK JPEG 图像的完整解决方案。

对于 CMYK JPEG 图像，您需要区分常规 CMYK、Adobe CMYK(具有反转值，即 255 表示无墨水，0 表示最大墨水)和 Adob​​e CYYK(某些变体也具有反转颜色)。

这里的解决方案需要 Sanselan(或现在称为 Apache Commons Imaging)，并且需要合理的 CMYK 颜色配置文件(.icc 文件)。您可以从 Adob​​e 或从 eci.org 获得后者。

public class JpegReader {

    public static final int COLOR_TYPE_RGB = 1;
    public static final int COLOR_TYPE_CMYK = 2;
    public static final int COLOR_TYPE_YCCK = 3;

    private int colorType = COLOR_TYPE_RGB;
    private boolean hasAdobeMarker = false;

    public BufferedImage readImage(File file) throws IOException, ImageReadException {
        colorType = COLOR_TYPE_RGB;
        hasAdobeMarker = false;

        ImageInputStream stream = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(file);
        Iterator<ImageReader> iter = ImageIO.getImageReaders(stream);
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            ImageReader reader = iter.next();
            reader.setInput(stream);

            BufferedImage image;
            ICC_Profile profile = null;
            try {
                image = reader.read(0);
            } catch (IIOException e) {
                colorType = COLOR_TYPE_CMYK;
                checkAdobeMarker(file);
                profile = Sanselan.getICCProfile(file);
                WritableRaster raster = (WritableRaster) reader.readRaster(0, null);
                if (colorType == COLOR_TYPE_YCCK)
                    convertYcckToCmyk(raster);
                if (hasAdobeMarker)
                    convertInvertedColors(raster);
                image = convertCmykToRgb(raster, profile);
            }

            return image;
        }

        return null;
    }

    public void checkAdobeMarker(File file) throws IOException, ImageReadException {
        JpegImageParser parser = new JpegImageParser();
        ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceFile(file);
        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        ArrayList segments = parser.readSegments(byteSource, new int[] { 0xffee }, true);
        if (segments != null && segments.size() >= 1) {
            UnknownSegment app14Segment = (UnknownSegment) segments.get(0);
            byte[] data = app14Segment.bytes;
            if (data.length >= 12 && data[0] == 'A' && data[1] == 'd' && data[2] == 'o' && data[3] == 'b' && data[4] == 'e')
            {
                hasAdobeMarker = true;
                int transform = app14Segment.bytes[11] & 0xff;
                if (transform == 2)
                    colorType = COLOR_TYPE_YCCK;
            }
        }
    }

    public static void convertYcckToCmyk(WritableRaster raster) {
        int height = raster.getHeight();
        int width = raster.getWidth();
        int stride = width * 4;
        int[] pixelRow = new int[stride];
        for (int h = 0; h < height; h++) {
            raster.getPixels(0, h, width, 1, pixelRow);

            for (int x = 0; x < stride; x += 4) {
                int y = pixelRow[x];
                int cb = pixelRow[x + 1];
                int cr = pixelRow[x + 2];

                int c = (int) (y + 1.402 * cr - 178.956);
                int m = (int) (y - 0.34414 * cb - 0.71414 * cr + 135.95984);
                y = (int) (y + 1.772 * cb - 226.316);

                if (c < 0) c = 0; else if (c > 255) c = 255;
                if (m < 0) m = 0; else if (m > 255) m = 255;
                if (y < 0) y = 0; else if (y > 255) y = 255;

                pixelRow[x] = 255 - c;
                pixelRow[x + 1] = 255 - m;
                pixelRow[x + 2] = 255 - y;
            }

            raster.setPixels(0, h, width, 1, pixelRow);
        }
    }

    public static void convertInvertedColors(WritableRaster raster) {
        int height = raster.getHeight();
        int width = raster.getWidth();
        int stride = width * 4;
        int[] pixelRow = new int[stride];
        for (int h = 0; h < height; h++) {
            raster.getPixels(0, h, width, 1, pixelRow);
            for (int x = 0; x < stride; x++)
                pixelRow[x] = 255 - pixelRow[x];
            raster.setPixels(0, h, width, 1, pixelRow);
        }
    }

    public static BufferedImage convertCmykToRgb(Raster cmykRaster, ICC_Profile cmykProfile) throws IOException {
        if (cmykProfile == null)
            cmykProfile = ICC_Profile.getInstance(JpegReader.class.getResourceAsStream("/ISOcoated_v2_300_eci.icc"));

        if (cmykProfile.getProfileClass() != ICC_Profile.CLASS_DISPLAY) {
            byte[] profileData = cmykProfile.getData();

            if (profileData[ICC_Profile.icHdrRenderingIntent] == ICC_Profile.icPerceptual) {
                intToBigEndian(ICC_Profile.icSigDisplayClass, profileData, ICC_Profile.icHdrDeviceClass); // Header is first

                cmykProfile = ICC_Profile.getInstance(profileData);
            }
        }

        ICC_ColorSpace cmykCS = new ICC_ColorSpace(cmykProfile);
        BufferedImage rgbImage = new BufferedImage(cmykRaster.getWidth(), cmykRaster.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        WritableRaster rgbRaster = rgbImage.getRaster();
        ColorSpace rgbCS = rgbImage.getColorModel().getColorSpace();
        ColorConvertOp cmykToRgb = new ColorConvertOp(cmykCS, rgbCS, null);
        cmykToRgb.filter(cmykRaster, rgbRaster);
        return rgbImage;
    }
}


static void intToBigEndian(int value, byte[] array, int index) {
    array[index]   = (byte) (value >> 24);
    array[index+1] = (byte) (value >> 16);
    array[index+2] = (byte) (value >>  8);
    array[index+3] = (byte) (value);
}

代码首先尝试使用适用于 RGB 文件的常规方法读取文件。如果失败，它会读取颜色模型的详细信息(配置文件、Adobe 标记、Adobe 变体)。然后它读取原始像素数据(光栅)并进行所有必要的转换(YCCK 到 CMYK、反转颜色、CMYK 到 RGB)。

更新:

原代码有一个小问题:结果太亮了。 Decembermonkeys-imageio 项目的人遇到了同样的问题(参见 post)，并通过修补颜色配置文件以使 Java 使用感知颜色渲染意图来修复它。该修复程序已集成到上述代码中。