python - 如何一次加载无限滚动中的所有条目以解析python中的HTML

Question

我正在尝试从 this page 中提取信息.该页面一次加载 10 个项目，我需要滚动以加载所有条目(总共 100 个)。我能够解析 HTML 并获取前 10 个条目所需的信息，但我想在解析 HTML 之前完全加载所有条目。

我正在使用 python、requests 和 BeautifulSoup。我在加载前 10 个条目时解析页面的方式如下:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
s = requests.Session()
r = s.get('https://medium.com/top-100/december-2013')
page = BeautifulSoup(r.text)

但这只会加载前 10 个条目。因此，我查看了该页面并获得了用于加载后续条目的 AJAX 请求，我得到了响应，但它是在一个时髦的 JSON 中，我宁愿使用 HTML 解析器而不是解析 JSON。代码如下:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import json
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://medium.com/top-100/december-2013/load-more'
payload = {"count":100}
r = s.post(url, data=payload)
page = json.loads(r.text[16:]) #skip some chars that throw json off

这给了我数据，但它是一个非常长且令人费解的 JSON，我宁愿加载页面上的所有数据并简单地解析 HTML。此外，呈现的 HTML 提供了比 JSON 响应更多的信息(即作者姓名而不是晦涩的用户 ID 等)。有一个类似的问题 here但没有相关答案。理想情况下，我想进行 POST 调用并 然后 请求 HTML 并解析它，但我无法做到。

Answer 1

当您向下滚动时，您将无法使用请求和 BeautifulSoup 作为您想要从中提取信息的页面来通过 JS 加载其余条目。您可以使用 selenium它会打开一个真正的浏览器，您可以通过编程方式传递向下翻页按键事件。观看此视频以了解操作。 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g54xYVMojos

http://www.tidbitsofprogramming.com/2014/02/crawling-website-that-loads-content.html

以下是使用 selenium 提取所有 100 个帖子标题的脚本。

import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

browser = webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get("https://medium.com/top-100/december-2013")
time.sleep(1)

elem = browser.find_element_by_tag_name("body")

no_of_pagedowns = 20

while no_of_pagedowns:
    elem.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
    time.sleep(0.2)
    no_of_pagedowns-=1

post_elems = browser.find_elements_by_class_name("post-item-title")

for post in post_elems:
    print post.text

输出:

When Your Mother Says She’s Fat
When “Life Hacking” Is Really White Privilege
As tendências culturais dos anos 2000 adiantadas pelo É o Tchan na década de 90
Coming Out as Biracial
Como ganhar discussões com seus parentes de direita neste Natal
How to save local bookstores in two easy steps
Welcome to Dinovember
How to Piss Off Your Barista
The boy whose brain could unlock autism
CrossFit’s Dirty Little Secret
Welcome to Medium
Here’s How the Military Wasted Your Money in 2013
Why I Wear Nail Polish
The day of High School I’ll never forget
7 Reasons Buffalonians Shouldn’t Hate Snow
Dear Guy Who Just Made My Burrito:
Is the Mona Lisa Priceless?
Please stop live tweeting people’s private conversations
Your Friends and Rapists
Eight things you can live without
The Value of Content
40 Ways To Make Life Simple Again
Manila-Beijing-Washington:
Things I Wish Someone Had Told Me When I Was Learning How to Code
Dear Ticketmaster,
Steve Jobs Danced To My Song
11 Things I Wish I Knew When I Started My Business
Bullish: Benevolent Sexism and “That Guy” Who Makes Everything Awkward
Advice to a College Music Student
Silver Gyninen joutui sotaan
Imagining the Post-Antibiotics Future
Which side are you on?
Put it away, junior. 
Casual Predation
The sad little iPhone commercial
How Node.js is Going to Replace JavaScript
Why you should have your heart broken into a million little pieces. 
How to Write Emails Like a CEO
Designing Products That Scale
How radioactive poison became the assassin’s weapon of choice
Why do people hate CrossFit?
We (Still) Need Feminism
10 Advanced Hearthstone Arena Tips
Let It Full-Bleed
What Medium Is For
How a Small Force of Finnish Ski Troops Fought Off a Massive Soviet Army
An Introvert’s Guide to Better Presentations
Mandela The Terrorist
Why You Should have a Messy Desk
Why I’m Not a TEDx Speaker
Fonts have feelings too
You Don’t Want Your Thanksgiving to Go Like This
What I’ve Learned in My First Month as a VC
Why Quantity Should be Your Priority
My Airbnb story
I Wanna Date You Like An Animal
The GIF Guide to Getting Paid
How We Discovered the Underground Chinese App Market
First Images of a Heart Injected with Liquid Metal 
Beyonce Broke the Music Business
“View mode” approach to responsive web design
Sometimes You Will Forget Your Mom Has Cancer
Darkness Ray Beams Invisibility From A Distance
Why Work As We Know It May Be Immoral
Staying Ahead of the Curve
The Geekiest Game Ever Made Has Been Released In Germany 
The Dirty Secret Behind the Salesforce $1M Hackathon
I’m a really good impostor
Mathematical Model of Zombie Epidemics Reveals Two Types of Living-Dead Infections
The Heartbreak Kid
200 Things
I’m Not Racist But—
Duel of the Superbattleships
23 and You
The Seattle NO
I’m a vaccine refuser. There, I said it. 
The Year We Broke Everything
How to make a DIY home alarm system with a raspberry pi and a webcam
Strike While the App is Hot
How to Fall In (and Out) of Love:
Why did Google make an ad for promoting “Search” in India where it has over 97% market share?
A Holiday Message From Jesus
Revealed: The Soviet Union’s $1 Billion ‘Psychotronic’ Arms Race with the US
Postmortem of a Venture-backed Startup
The 1.x Crore Myth
The “Getting Shit Done” Sleep Cycle 
Is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter the New F-4?
Can the F-35 Win a Dogfight?
Responsive Photosets
Fightball: Millennials vs Boomers
The iconicity of “peaceful resistance”
How We Make Chocolate
Five Ships of the Chinese Navy You Really Ought to Know About
Glassholes and Black Rock City
Bad News for U.S. Warplane Pilots: Russia’s New Dogfighting Missile Can’t Miss
How Antisec Died
10 ways you’ll probably f**k up your startup
UPDATED: Finding the unjustly homeless, and teaching them to code.
Technology hasn’t Changed Us.
What I’ve learned from fatherhood