java - 是否可以在 java 中动态地将 "add"指向类路径？

Question

java -classpath ../classes;../jar;. parserTester

如何以编程方式获得上述命令中的功能？比如，是否可以运行为:

java parserTester

并得到相同的结果？我尝试使用 URLClassLoader，但它修改了类路径并且没有添加到它。

谢谢!

---

感谢米尔豪斯的回复。但这就是我想要做的.. 怎么可能首先将 jar 放入类路径？我也尝试使用自定义类加载器:(

这行得通..但很抱歉我只需要运行它:java parserTester我想知道这样的事情是否可能？？？

它必须是这样，因为我在单独的文件夹中有 parserTester.java 和 .class。我需要保留文件结构。 parserTester 使用单独的 jar 文件夹中的 jar。

Answer 1

您可以使用 java.net.URLClassLoader 来加载具有任何程序定义的 URL 列表的类:

public class URLClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader

This class loader is used to load classes and resources from a search path of URLs referring to both JAR files and directories. Any URL that ends with a '/' is assumed to refer to a directory. Otherwise, the URL is assumed to refer to a JAR file which will be opened as needed.

The AccessControlContext of the thread that created the instance of URLClassLoader will be used when subsequently loading classes and resources.

The classes that are loaded are by default granted permission only to access the URLs specified when the URLClassLoader was created.

Since: 1.2

还有一点花哨的步法可以扩展它以支持使用通配符路径名来获取 JAR 的整个目录(这段代码有一些实用方法的引用，但它们的实现在上下文中应该是显而易见的):

/**
 * Add classPath to this loader's classpath.
 * <p>
 * The classpath may contain elements that include a generic file base name.  A generic basename
 * is a filename without the extension that may begin and/or end with an asterisk.  Use of the
 * asterisk denotes a partial match. Any files with an extension of ".jar" whose base name match
 * the specified basename will be added to this class loaders classpath.  The case of the filename is ignored.
 * For example "/somedir/*abc" means all files in somedir that end with "abc.jar", "/somedir/abc*"
 * means all files that start with "abc" and end with ".jar", and "/somedir/*abc*" means all files
 * that contain "abc" and end with ".jar".
 *
 */
public void addClassPath(String cp) {
    String                              seps=File.pathSeparator;                // separators

    if(!File.pathSeparator.equals(";")) { seps+=";"; }                          // want to accept both system separator and ';'
    for(StringTokenizer st=new StringTokenizer(cp,seps,false); st.hasMoreTokens(); ) {
        String pe=st.nextToken();
        File   fe;
        String bn=null;

        if(pe.length()==0) { continue; }

        fe=new File(pe);
        if(fe.getName().indexOf('*')!=-1) {
            bn=fe.getName();
            fe=fe.getParentFile();
            }

        if(!fe.isAbsolute() && pe.charAt(0)!='/' && pe.charAt(0)!='\\') { fe=new File(rootPath,fe.getPath()); }
        try { fe=fe.getCanonicalFile(); }
        catch(IOException thr) {
            log.diagln("Skipping non-existent classpath element '"+fe+"' ("+thr+").");
            continue;
            }
        if(!GenUtil.isBlank(bn)) {
            fe=new File(fe,bn);
            }
        if(classPathElements.contains(fe.getPath())) {
            log.diagln("Skipping duplicate classpath element '"+fe+"'.");
            continue;
            }
        else {
            classPathElements.add(fe.getPath());
            }

        if(!GenUtil.isBlank(bn)) {
            addJars(fe.getParentFile(),bn);
            }
        else if(!fe.exists()) {                                                 // s/never be due getCanonicalFile() above
            log.diagln("Could not find classpath element '"+fe+"'");
            }
        else if(fe.isDirectory()) {
            addURL(createUrl(fe));
            }
        else if(fe.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".zip") || fe.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".jar")) {
            addURL(createUrl(fe));
            }
        else {
            log.diagln("ClassPath element '"+fe+"' is not an existing directory and is not a file ending with '.zip' or '.jar'");
            }
        }
    log.diagln("Class loader is using classpath: \""+classPath+"\".");
    }

/**
 * Adds a set of JAR files using a generic base name to this loader's classpath.  See @link:addClassPath(String) for
 * details of the generic base name.
 */
public void addJars(File dir, String nam) {
    String[]                            jars;                                   // matching jar files

    if(nam.endsWith(".jar")) { nam=nam.substring(0,(nam.length()-4)); }

    if(!dir.exists()) {
        log.diagln("Could not find directory for Class Path element '"+dir+File.separator+nam+".jar'");
        return;
        }
    if(!dir.canRead()) {
        log.error("Could not read directory for Class Path element '"+dir+File.separator+nam+".jar'");
        return;
        }

    FileSelector fs=new FileSelector(true).add("BaseName","EG",nam,true).add("Name","EW",".jar",true);
    if((jars=dir.list(fs))==null) {
        log.error("Error accessing directory for Class Path element '"+dir+File.separator+nam+".jar'");
        }
    else if(jars.length==0) {
        log.diagln("No JAR files match specification '"+new File(dir,nam)+".jar'");
        }
    else {
        log.diagln("Adding files matching specification '"+dir+File.separator+nam+".jar'");
        Arrays.sort(jars,String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
        for(int xa=0; xa<jars.length; xa++) { addURL(createUrl(new File(dir,jars[xa]))); }
        }
    }

private URL createUrl(File fe) {
    try {
        URL url=fe.toURI().toURL();
        log.diagln("Added URL: '"+url.toString()+"'");
        if(classPath.length()>0) { classPath+=File.pathSeparator; }
        this.classPath+=fe.getPath();
        return url;
        }
    catch(MalformedURLException thr) {
        log.diagln("Classpath element '"+fe+"' could not be used to create a valid file system URL");
        return null;
        }
    }