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asp.net - 如何在python中向.aspx页面提交查询

转载 作者:IT老高 更新时间:2023-10-28 20:32:04 25 4
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我需要从 .aspx 网页中抓取查询结果。

http://legistar.council.nyc.gov/Legislation.aspx

url 是静态的,那么如何向这个页面提交查询并获得结果呢?假设我们需要从相应的下拉菜单中选择“所有年份”和“所有类型”。

一定有人知道如何做到这一点。

最佳答案

作为概述,您将需要执行四项主要任务:

  • 向网站提交请求,
  • 从网站检索响应
  • 解析这些响应
  • 使用与导航关联的参数(到结果列表中的“下一个”页面)在上述任务中迭代一些逻辑

http 请求和响应处理是使用 Python 标准库的 urllib 中的方法和类完成的。和 urllib2 . html页面的解析可以通过Python的标准库HTMLParser来完成。或与其他模块,如 Beautiful Soup

以下代码段演示了在问题中指示的站点上请求和接收搜索。该站点是 ASP 驱动的,因此我们需要确保发送多个表单字段,其中一些具有“可怕”值,因为 ASP 逻辑使用这些字段来维护状态并在一定程度上验证请求。确实提交。必须使用 http POST 方法 发送请求,因为这是该 ASP 应用程序所期望的。主要困难在于识别 ASP 期望的表单字段和相关值(使用 Python 获取页面是容易的部分)。

这段代码是功能性的,或者更准确地说,功能性的,直到我删除了大部分 VSTATE 值,并且可能通过添加注释引入了一两个错字。

import urllib
import urllib2

uri = 'http://legistar.council.nyc.gov/Legislation.aspx'

#the http headers are useful to simulate a particular browser (some sites deny
#access to non-browsers (bots, etc.)
#also needed to pass the content type.
headers = {
'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.13) Gecko/2009073022 Firefox/3.0.13',
'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml; q=0.9,*/*; q=0.8',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}

# we group the form fields and their values in a list (any
# iterable, actually) of name-value tuples. This helps
# with clarity and also makes it easy to later encoding of them.

formFields = (
# the viewstate is actualy 800+ characters in length! I truncated it
# for this sample code. It can be lifted from the first page
# obtained from the site. It may be ok to hardcode this value, or
# it may have to be refreshed each time / each day, by essentially
# running an extra page request and parse, for this specific value.
(r'__VSTATE', r'7TzretNIlrZiKb7EOB3AQE ... ...2qd6g5xD8CGXm5EftXtNPt+H8B'),

# following are more of these ASP form fields
(r'__VIEWSTATE', r''),
(r'__EVENTVALIDATION', r'/wEWDwL+raDpAgKnpt8nAs3q+pQOAs3q/pQOAs3qgpUOAs3qhpUOAoPE36ANAve684YCAoOs79EIAoOs89EIAoOs99EIAoOs39EIAoOs49EIAoOs09EIAoSs99EI6IQ74SEV9n4XbtWm1rEbB6Ic3/M='),
(r'ctl00_RadScriptManager1_HiddenField', ''),
(r'ctl00_tabTop_ClientState', ''),
(r'ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_menuMain_ClientState', ''),
(r'ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_gridMain_ClientState', ''),

#but then we come to fields of interest: the search
#criteria the collections to search from etc.
# Check boxes
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$chkOptions$0', 'on'), # file number
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$chkOptions$1', 'on'), # Legislative text
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$chkOptions$2', 'on'), # attachement
# etc. (not all listed)
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtSearch', 'york'), # Search text
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$lstYears', 'All Years'), # Years to include
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$lstTypeBasic', 'All Types'), #types to include
(r'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnSearch', 'Search Legislation') # Search button itself
)

# these have to be encoded
encodedFields = urllib.urlencode(formFields)

req = urllib2.Request(uri, encodedFields, headers)
f= urllib2.urlopen(req) #that's the actual call to the http site.

# *** here would normally be the in-memory parsing of f
# contents, but instead I store this to file
# this is useful during design, allowing to have a
# sample of what is to be parsed in a text editor, for analysis.

try:
fout = open('tmp.htm', 'w')
except:
print('Could not open output file\n')

fout.writelines(f.readlines())
fout.close()

这就是获取初始页面的内容。如上所述,然后需要解析页面,即找到感兴趣的部分并酌情收集它们,并将它们存储到文件/数据库/任何地方。这项工作可以通过多种方式完成:使用 html 解析器,或 XSLT 类型的技术(实际上是在将 html 解析为 xml 之后),甚至对于粗略的工作,简单的正则表达式。此外,通常提取的项目之一是“下一个信息”,即各种链接,可用于对服务器的新请求以获取后续页面。

这应该让您大致了解“长手” html 抓取的内容。还有许多其他方法可以解决此问题,例如专用实用程序、Mozilla (FireFox) GreaseMonkey 插件中的脚本、XSLT...

关于asp.net - 如何在python中向.aspx页面提交查询,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1480356/

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