java - 如何为 Spring Boot Controller 端点编写单元测试

Question

我有一个带有以下内容的示例 Spring Boot 应用程序

引导主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

Controller

@RestController
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class HelloWorld {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    String gethelloWorld() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }

}

为 Controller 编写单元测试最简单的方法是什么？我尝试了以下方法，但它提示无法 Autowiring WebApplicationContext

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = DemoApplication.class)
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    final String BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8080/";

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception{

         this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
                 .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));
    }

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }

}

Answer 1

Spring MVC 提供了一个 standaloneSetup支持测试相对简单的 Controller ，无需上下文。

Build a MockMvc by registering one or more @Controller's instances andconfiguring Spring MVC infrastructure programmatically. This allowsfull control over the instantiation and initialization of controllers,and their dependencies, similar to plain unit tests while also makingit possible to test one controller at a time.

Controller 的示例测试可以很简单

public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
           .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
           .andExpect(status().isOk())
           .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));

    }
}