templates - golang模板中的变量

Question

html/text 模板中变量的命名空间是什么？我认为变量 $x 可以改变模板内的值，但这个例子告诉我我不能。

当我尝试按年份对锦标赛进行分组时失败了 - 像这样 (http://play.golang.org/p/EX1Aut_ULD):

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "text/template"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    tournaments := []struct {
        Place string
        Date  time.Time
    }{
        // for clarity - date is sorted, we don't need sort it again
        {"Town1", time.Date(2015, time.November, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
        {"Town2", time.Date(2015, time.October, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
        {"Town3", time.Date(2014, time.November, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
    }
    t, err := template.New("").Parse(`
{{$prev_year:=0}}
{{range .}}
    {{with .Date}}
        {{$year:=.Year}}
                    {{if ne $year $prev_year}}
                        Actions in year {{$year}}:
                {{$prev_year:=$year}}
            {{end}}
    {{end}}

        {{.Place}}, {{.Date}}
    {{end}}

    `)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    err = t.Execute(os.Stdout, tournaments)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("executing template:", err)
    }
}

Answer 1

编辑:见 https://stackoverflow.com/a/52925780/1685538以获得最新的答案。

---

原答案:

https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/#hdr-Variables :

A variable's scope extends to the "end" action of the control structure ("if", "with", or "range") in which it is declared, or to the end of the template if there is no such control structure.

所以你用 {{$prev_year:=$year}} 定义的 $prev_year 只存在到.. 下一行 ({{end} })。

似乎没有办法解决这个问题。

执行此操作的“正确”方法是从模板中取出该逻辑，并在 Go 代码中进行分组。

这是一个工作示例:https://play.golang.org/p/DZoSXo9WQR

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "text/template"
    "time"
)

type Tournament struct {
    Place string
    Date  time.Time
}

type TournamentGroup struct {
    Year        int
    Tournaments []Tournament
}

func groupTournamentsByYear(tournaments []Tournament) []TournamentGroup {
    if len(tournaments) == 0 {
        return nil
    }

    result := []TournamentGroup{
        {
            Year:        tournaments[0].Date.Year(),
            Tournaments: make([]Tournament, 0, 1),
        },
    }

    i := 0
    for _, tournament := range tournaments {
        year := tournament.Date.Year()
        if result[i].Year == year {
            // Add to existing group
            result[i].Tournaments = append(result[i].Tournaments, tournament)
        } else {
            // New group
            result = append(result, TournamentGroup{
                Year: year,
                Tournaments: []Tournament{
                    tournament,
                },
            })
            i++
        }
    }

    return result
}

func main() {
    tournaments := []Tournament{
        // for clarity - date is sorted, we don't need sort it again
        {"Town1", time.Date(2015, time.November, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
        {"Town2", time.Date(2015, time.October, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
        {"Town3", time.Date(2014, time.November, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)},
    }

    t, err := template.New("").Parse(`
{{$prev_year:=0}}
{{range .}}
    Actions in year {{.Year}}:
    {{range .Tournaments}}

            {{.Place}}, {{.Date}}
    {{end}}
    {{end}}

    `)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    err = t.Execute(os.Stdout, groupTournamentsByYear(tournaments))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("executing template:", err)
    }
}