docker - Docker 'host' 和 'none' 网络有什么用？

Question

试图了解 Docker 网络。 Docker 会自动创建以下网络:

# docker network ls 
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
67b4afa88032        bridge              bridge              local               
c88f997a2fa7        host                host                local               
1df2947aad7b        none                null                local               

我了解到 bridge 网络代表所有 Docker 安装中存在的 docker0 网络，来自 link.

有人可以帮助我了解其他网络，host 和 none，如果可能的话，提供示例？

Answer 1

Docker 默认支持 3 个网络:

1) 无:

此模式不会为容器配置任何 IP，并且无法访问外部网络以及其他容器。它确实有环回地址，可用于运行批处理作业。

# docker run -it --network=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@66308c6686be:/# ifconfig
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

# 
# docker inspect 66308c6686be | grep -i ipaddr
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",

2) 主持人

在这种模式下容器将共享主机的网络堆栈，并且主机的所有接口(interface)都将可供容器使用。容器的主机名将与主机系统上的主机名匹配

# docker run -it --net=host ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@labadmin-VirtualBox:/# hostname
labadmin-VirtualBox

Even the IP configuration is same as the host system's IP configuration

root@labadmin-VirtualBox:/# ip addr | grep -A 2 eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:b5:82:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: lxcbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 
root@labadmin-VirtualBox:/# exit
exit

HOST SYSTEM IP CONFIGURATION

# ip addr | grep -A 2 eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:b5:82:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: lxcbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 

在主机和无模式下不直接配置，但可以配置默认桥接网络以及创建您自己的用户定义的桥接网络。

3) 桥接模式

这是 Docker 默认的网络模式，它将启用与主机的其他接口(interface)以及容器之间的连接。

# docker run -it --network=bridge ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@58b0b1f18b2e:/# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:0c  
          inet addr:172.17.0.12  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2668 (2.6 KB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

Accessibility to other containers is possible in bridge mode.

root@58b0b1f18b2e:/# ping 172.17.0.11
PING 172.17.0.11 (172.17.0.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.143 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms

Connectivity to external network.

root@58b0b1f18b2e:/# ping google.com 
PING google.com (216.58.197.46) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from maa03s20-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.197.46): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=16.9 ms

Connectivity to host machine

root@labadmin-VirtualBox:~# ip a | grep eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

root@58b0b1f18b2e:/# ping 10.0.2.15
PING 10.0.2.15 (10.0.2.15) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.2.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.113 ms

随着这些 docker 提供 MACVLAN允许在单个物理接口(interface)上配置多个第 2 层 (MAC) 地址的网络。