c++ - 字符!=(有符号字符)，字符!=(无符号字符)

Question

下面的代码可以编译，但 char 类型的行为与 int 类型的行为不同。

特别是

   cout << getIsTrue< isX<int8>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<uint8>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<char>::ikIsX  >() << endl;

导致三种类型的 3 个模板实例化:int8、uint8 和 char。什么给了？

int 不一样:int 和 uint32 导致相同的模板实例化，并签署了另一个 int。

原因似乎是 C++ 将 char、signed char 和 unsigned char 视为三种不同的类型。而 int 与带符号的 int 相同。这是对的还是我错过了什么？

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef   signed char       int8;
typedef unsigned char      uint8;
typedef   signed short      int16;
typedef unsigned short     uint16;
typedef   signed int        int32;
typedef unsigned int       uint32;
typedef   signed long long  int64;
typedef unsigned long long uint64;

struct TrueType {};
struct FalseType {};

template <typename T>
struct isX
{
   typedef typename T::ikIsX ikIsX;
};


// This  int==int32 is ambiguous
//template <>            struct isX<int  >    { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };  // Fails
template <>            struct isX<int32  >  { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };
template <>            struct isX<uint32 >  { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };


// Whay isn't this ambiguous? char==int8
template <>            struct isX<char  >  { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };
template <>            struct isX<int8  >  { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };
template <>            struct isX<uint8 >  { typedef FalseType ikIsX; };


template <typename T> bool getIsTrue();
template <>           bool getIsTrue<TrueType>() { return true; }
template <>           bool getIsTrue<FalseType>() { return false; }

int main(int, char **t )
{
   cout << sizeof(int8) << endl;  // 1
   cout << sizeof(uint8) << endl; // 1
   cout << sizeof(char) << endl;  // 1

   cout << getIsTrue< isX<int8>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<uint8>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<char>::ikIsX  >() << endl;

   cout << getIsTrue< isX<int32>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<uint32>::ikIsX  >() << endl;
   cout << getIsTrue< isX<int>::ikIsX  >() << endl;

}

我正在使用 g++ 4.something

Answer 1

这是您从标准中得到的答案:

3.9.1 Fundamental types [basic.fundamental]

Objects declared as characters (char) shall be large enough to store any member of the implementation's basic character set. If a character from this set is stored in a character object, the integral value of that character object is equal to the value of the single character literal form of that character. It is implementation-defined whether a char object can hold negative values. Characters can be explicitly declared unsigned or signed. Plain char, signed char, and unsigned char are three distinct types. A char, a signed char, and an unsigned char occupy the same amount of storage and have the same alignment requirements (basic.types); that is, they have the same object representation. For character types, all bits of the object representation participate in the value representation. For unsigned character types, all possible bit patterns of the value representation represent numbers. These requirements do not hold for other types. In any particular implementation, a plain char object can take on either the same values as a signed char or an unsigned char; which one is implementation-defined.