c++ - 如何在 Qt 中制作可展开/可折叠的部分小部件

Question

我想在 Qt 中创建一个具有以下功能的自定义小部件:

• 它是一个容器
• 它可以填充任何 Qt 布局
• 它可以在任何 Qt 布局中
• 按钮允许垂直折叠/折叠内容，因此只有按钮可见，所有包含的布局都是不可见的。
• 上一个按钮允许将其再次展开/展开到布局内容的大小。
• 展开/折叠基于尺寸(不是显示/隐藏)以允许动画。
• 可在 QDesigner 中使用

提供一个想法，这是一个类似小部件(不是 Qt)的图像:

我已经有一个可以正常工作并在 QDesigner 中公开的框架。我现在需要让它扩展/折叠，这似乎并不那么简单。

我尝试使用 resize()、sizePolicy()、sizeHint() 但这不起作用:当框架折叠时，我得到以下值:

sizeHint: (500,20)
size    : (500,20)
closestAcceptableSize: (518,150)
Painted size: (518, 150)

QLayout::closestAcceptableSize 不是小部件的一部分，所以我无法更改它。

任何提示或/和代码片段来实现这一点？

编辑:这里举一个简单的例子。除必要外，我删除了所有内容。

main.cpp 示例

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>

#include "section.hpp"


using namespace myWidgets;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);


    // Create the main Window
    QWidget window;
    window.resize(500,500);
    window.setStyleSheet("QPushButton:{background-color:rgba(128,128,128,192);}");

    // Create the main window layout
    QVBoxLayout topLayout(&window);
    QWidget *w1 = new QWidget();
    w1->setStyleSheet("background-color:rgba(128,128,128,192);");
    topLayout.addWidget(w1);

    Section section(&window);
    topLayout.addWidget(&section);

    QVBoxLayout inLayout(&section);
    QPushButton *button = new QPushButton();
    button->setMinimumHeight(100);
    inLayout.addWidget(button);

    QWidget *w2 = new QWidget();
    w2->setStyleSheet("background-color:rgba(128,128,128,192);");
    topLayout.addWidget(w2);



    window.show();

    return a.exec();
}

Section.hpp

#ifndef SECTION_HPP
#define SECTION_HPP

#include <QPushButton> //for the expand/collapse button
#include <QtDesigner/QDesignerExportWidget>
#include <QLayout>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QPaintEvent>
#include <QDebug>


// Compatibility for noexcept, not supported in vsc++
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define noexcept throw()
#endif

#if defined SECTION_BUILD
    #define SECTION_BUILD_DLL_SPEC Q_DECL_EXPORT
#elif defined SECTION_EXEC
    #define SECTION_BUILD_DLL_SPEC
#else
    #define SECTION_BUILD_DLL_SPEC Q_DECL_IMPORT
#endif

namespace myWidgets
{

class SECTION_BUILD_DLL_SPEC Section : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

    Q_PROPERTY( bool is_expanded MEMBER isExpanded)

public:
    // Constructor, standard
    explicit Section( QWidget *parent=0 ): QWidget(parent),
        expandButton(this)
    {
        expandButton.resize(20,20);
        expandButton.move(0,0);
        expandButton.connect(&expandButton, &QPushButton::clicked,
                             this, &Section::expandCollapseEvent);

        QMargins m= contentsMargins();
        m.setTop(m.top()+25);
        setContentsMargins(m);
        //setSizePolicy(sizePolicy().horizontalPolicy(), QSizePolicy::Minimum);

    }

    virtual void expand( bool expanding ) noexcept
    {
        resize(sizeHint());
        isExpanded = expanding;
        updateGeometry();

qDebug() << (isExpanded? "expanded":"collapsed") << sizeHint() << QWidget::size() <<
            parentWidget()->layout()->closestAcceptableSize(this, size());
    }

    virtual QSize sizeHint() const noexcept override
    {
        if (isExpanded) return QSize(layout()->contentsRect().width(),
                                     layout()->contentsRect().height());
        else return QSize(layout()->contentsRect().width(), 20);
    }

    // Implement custom appearance
    virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e) noexcept override
    {
        (void) e; //TODO: remove
        QPainter p(this);
        p.setClipRect(e->rect());
        p.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing );
        p.fillRect(e->rect(), QColor(0,0,255,128));
    }

protected:

    // on click of the expandButton, collapse/expand this widget
    virtual void expandCollapseEvent() noexcept
    {
        expand(!isExpanded);
    }


    bool isExpanded = true; //whenever the section is collapsed(false) or expanded(true)
    QPushButton expandButton; //the expanding/collapsing button
};

}


#endif // SECTION_HPP

Answer 1

我偶然发现了同样的问题，并通过将可折叠小部件实现为 QScrollArea 来解决它，其最大高度由 QPropertyAnimation 设置动画。

但由于我不使用 QDesigner，我无法告诉你它是否可以在那里工作。

我还有一个问题:可折叠小部件不仅可以向底部方向扩展，还可以向顶部和底部方向扩展。如果它们还没有达到最小高度，这可能会导致位于其上方的小部件收缩。但这与我们必须自己构建这个东西的事实相比，这确实是一个细节……

Spoiler.h

#include <QFrame>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QParallelAnimationGroup>
#include <QScrollArea>
#include <QToolButton>
#include <QWidget>

class Spoiler : public QWidget {
    Q_OBJECT
private:
    QGridLayout mainLayout;
    QToolButton toggleButton;
    QFrame headerLine;
    QParallelAnimationGroup toggleAnimation;
    QScrollArea contentArea;
    int animationDuration{300};
public:
    explicit Spoiler(const QString & title = "", const int animationDuration = 300, QWidget *parent = 0);
    void setContentLayout(QLayout & contentLayout);
};

Spoiler.cpp

#include <QPropertyAnimation>

#include "Spoiler.h"

Spoiler::Spoiler(const QString & title, const int animationDuration, QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent), animationDuration(animationDuration) {
    toggleButton.setStyleSheet("QToolButton { border: none; }");
    toggleButton.setToolButtonStyle(Qt::ToolButtonTextBesideIcon);
    toggleButton.setArrowType(Qt::ArrowType::RightArrow);
    toggleButton.setText(title);
    toggleButton.setCheckable(true);
    toggleButton.setChecked(false);

    headerLine.setFrameShape(QFrame::HLine);
    headerLine.setFrameShadow(QFrame::Sunken);
    headerLine.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Maximum);

    contentArea.setStyleSheet("QScrollArea { background-color: white; border: none; }");
    contentArea.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Fixed);
    // start out collapsed
    contentArea.setMaximumHeight(0);
    contentArea.setMinimumHeight(0);
    // let the entire widget grow and shrink with its content
    toggleAnimation.addAnimation(new QPropertyAnimation(this, "minimumHeight"));
    toggleAnimation.addAnimation(new QPropertyAnimation(this, "maximumHeight"));
    toggleAnimation.addAnimation(new QPropertyAnimation(&contentArea, "maximumHeight"));
    // don't waste space
    mainLayout.setVerticalSpacing(0);
    mainLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
    int row = 0;
    mainLayout.addWidget(&toggleButton, row, 0, 1, 1, Qt::AlignLeft);
    mainLayout.addWidget(&headerLine, row++, 2, 1, 1);
    mainLayout.addWidget(&contentArea, row, 0, 1, 3);
    setLayout(&mainLayout);
    QObject::connect(&toggleButton, &QToolButton::clicked, [this](const bool checked) {
        toggleButton.setArrowType(checked ? Qt::ArrowType::DownArrow : Qt::ArrowType::RightArrow);
        toggleAnimation.setDirection(checked ? QAbstractAnimation::Forward : QAbstractAnimation::Backward);
        toggleAnimation.start();
    });
}

void Spoiler::setContentLayout(QLayout & contentLayout) {
    delete contentArea.layout();
    contentArea.setLayout(&contentLayout);
    const auto collapsedHeight = sizeHint().height() - contentArea.maximumHeight();
    auto contentHeight = contentLayout.sizeHint().height();
    for (int i = 0; i < toggleAnimation.animationCount() - 1; ++i) {
        QPropertyAnimation * spoilerAnimation = static_cast<QPropertyAnimation *>(toggleAnimation.animationAt(i));
        spoilerAnimation->setDuration(animationDuration);
        spoilerAnimation->setStartValue(collapsedHeight);
        spoilerAnimation->setEndValue(collapsedHeight + contentHeight);
    }
    QPropertyAnimation * contentAnimation = static_cast<QPropertyAnimation *>(toggleAnimation.animationAt(toggleAnimation.animationCount() - 1));
    contentAnimation->setDuration(animationDuration);
    contentAnimation->setStartValue(0);
    contentAnimation->setEndValue(contentHeight);
}

如何使用:

…
auto * anyLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
anyLayout->addWidget(…);
…
Spoiler spoiler;
spoiler.setContentLayout(*anyLayout);
…