python - Django 数据库设置 'Improperly Configured' 错误

Question

Django (1.5) 对我来说工作得很好，但是当我启动 Python 解释器 (Python 3) 来检查一些东西时，我在尝试导入时遇到了最奇怪的错误 - from django.contrib.auth .models 导入用户 -

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 36, in _setup
    settings_module = os.environ[ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE]
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/os.py", line 450, in __getitem__
    value = self._data[self.encodekey(key)]
KeyError: b'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    if settings.DATABASES and DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS not in settings.DATABASES:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 52, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 45, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, 
  but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment 
  variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() 
  before accessing settings.

当它在 Python 解释器之外正常工作时，它怎么可能配置不正确？在我的 Django 设置中，DATABASES 设置是:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'django_db', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        # The following settings are not used with sqlite3:
        'USER': 'zamphatta',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword91',
        'HOST': '', # Empty for localhost through domain sockets or '127.0.0.1' for localhost through TCP.
        'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default.
    }
}

...这是怎么配置不当的？

Answer 1

你不能只启动 Python 并检查，Django 不知道你想从事什么项目。您必须执行以下操作之一:

• 使用python manage.py shell
• 使用 django-admin.py shell --settings=mysite.settings(或您使用的任何设置模块)
• 将操作系统中的 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量设置为 mysite.settings

• (在 Django 1.6 中已删除)在 python 解释器中使用 setup_environ:

  from django.core.management import setup_environ
  from mysite import settings
  
  setup_environ(settings)
  

当然，第一种方法是最简单的。