python - 如何在 Python 上使用 "pip"安装 psycopg2？

Question

我正在使用 virtualenv，我需要安装“psycopg2”。

我做了以下事情:

pip install http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psycopg2/psycopg2-2.4.tar.gz#md5=24f4368e2cfdc1a2b03282ddda814160

我收到以下消息:

Downloading/unpacking http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psycopg2/psycopg2
-2.4.tar.gz#md5=24f4368e2cfdc1a2b03282ddda814160
  Downloading psycopg2-2.4.tar.gz (607Kb): 607Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package from http://pypi.python.org/packages/sou
rce/p/psycopg2/psycopg2-2.4.tar.gz#md5=24f4368e2cfdc1a2b03282ddda814160
    Error: pg_config executable not found.

    Please add the directory containing pg_config to the PATH
    or specify the full executable path with the option:

        python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...

    or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'.
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    running egg_info

creating pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info

writing pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\PKG-INFO

writing top-level names to pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\top_level.txt

writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\dependency_links.txt

writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'

warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

Error: pg_config executable not found.



Please add the directory containing pg_config to the PATH

or specify the full executable path with the option:



    python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...



or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'.

----------------------------------------
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1
Storing complete log in C:\Documents and Settings\anlopes\Application Data\pip\p
ip.log

我的问题，我只需要这样做才能让 psycopg2 工作吗？

python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...

Answer 1

注意:不久前，PyPI 中有适用于 Windows 的二进制轮子，因此这对 Windows 用户来说应该不再是问题。以下是针对 Linux、Mac 用户的解决方案，因为他们中的许多人通过网络搜索找到了这篇文章。

---

选项 1

安装 psycopg2-binary PyPI 包，它具有适用于 Linux 和 Mac OS 的 Python 轮子。

pip install psycopg2-binary

---

选项 2

安装用于从源代码构建 psycopg2 包的先决条件:

Debian/Ubuntu

Python 3

sudo apt install libpq-dev python3-dev

您可能需要安装 python3.8-dev 或类似的，例如Python 3.8。

Python 2

sudo apt install libpq-dev python-dev

如果这还不够，请尝试

sudo apt install build-essential

或

sudo apt install postgresql-server-dev-all

在再次安装 psycopg2 之前也是如此。

CentOS 6

见 Banjer's answer

macOS

见 nichochar's answer