java - 如何在 Jackson 中使用自定义序列化程序？

Question

我有两个想要使用 Jackson 序列化为 JSON 的 Java 类:

public class User {
    public final int id;
    public final String name;

    public User(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

public class Item {
    public final int id;
    public final String itemNr;
    public final User createdBy;

    public Item(int id, String itemNr, User createdBy) {
        this.id = id;
        this.itemNr = itemNr;
        this.createdBy = createdBy;
    }
}

我想将一个 Item 序列化为这个 JSON:

{"id":7, "itemNr":"TEST", "createdBy":3}

将用户序列化为仅包含 id。我还可以将所有用户对象序列化为 JSON，例如:

{"id":3, "name": "Jonas", "email": "jonas@example.com"}

所以我想我需要为 Item 编写一个自定义序列化程序并尝试使用:

public class ItemSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Item> {

@Override
public void serialize(Item value, JsonGenerator jgen,
        SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException,
        JsonProcessingException {
    jgen.writeStartObject();
    jgen.writeNumberField("id", value.id);
    jgen.writeNumberField("itemNr", value.itemNr);
    jgen.writeNumberField("createdBy", value.user.id);
    jgen.writeEndObject();
}

}

我用 Jackson How-to: Custom Serializers 中的这段代码序列化 JSON :

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
SimpleModule simpleModule = new SimpleModule("SimpleModule", 
                                              new Version(1,0,0,null));
simpleModule.addSerializer(new ItemSerializer());
mapper.registerModule(simpleModule);
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
try {
    mapper.writeValue(writer, myItem);
} catch (JsonGenerationException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

但我收到此错误:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JsonSerializer of type com.example.ItemSerializer does not define valid handledType() (use alternative registration method?)
    at org.codehaus.jackson.map.module.SimpleSerializers.addSerializer(SimpleSerializers.java:62)
    at org.codehaus.jackson.map.module.SimpleModule.addSerializer(SimpleModule.java:54)
    at com.example.JsonTest.main(JsonTest.java:54)

如何在 Jackson 中使用自定义序列化程序？

---

这就是我对 Gson 的处理方式:

public class UserAdapter implements JsonSerializer<User> {

    @Override 
    public JsonElement serialize(User src, java.lang.reflect.Type typeOfSrc,
            JsonSerializationContext context) {
        return new JsonPrimitive(src.id);
    }
}

    GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
    builder.registerTypeAdapter(User.class, new UserAdapter());
    Gson gson = builder.create();
    String json = gson.toJson(myItem);
    System.out.println("JSON: "+json);

但我现在需要使用 Jackson，因为 Gson 不支持接口(interface)。

Answer 1

您可以将 @JsonSerialize(using = CustomDateSerializer.class) 放在要序列化对象的任何日期字段上。

public class CustomDateSerializer extends SerializerBase<Date> {

    public CustomDateSerializer() {
        super(Date.class, true);
    }

    @Override
    public void serialize(Date value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider provider)
        throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE MMM dd yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'ZZZ (z)");
        String format = formatter.format(value);
        jgen.writeString(format);
    }

}