I'm using Flutter to download 3 different sets of data from a server, then do something with all 3 sets. I could do this:

我正在使用Ffltter从服务器下载3个不同的数据集，然后对所有3个集做一些操作。我可以这样做：

List<Foo> foos = await downloader.getFoos();
List<Bar> bars = await downloader.getBars();
List<FooBars> foobars = await downloader.getFooBars();

processData(foos, bars, foobars);

But I'd prefer to download all 3 data sets asynchronously in parallel. I've seen that Dart has this Future.wait method:

但我更喜欢并行异步下载所有3个数据集。我已经看到Dart有这个Future.Wait方法：

Future<List<T>> wait <T>(
   Iterable<Future<T>> futures, {
   bool eagerError: false, 
   void cleanUp(
      T successValue
   )
}) 

However it looks like this will only return values of the same type (T). I have 3 different types, so I don't see how I can use this and get my 3 data sets back.

但是，这看起来只会返回相同类型(T)的值。我有3个不同的类型，所以我不知道如何使用它来取回我的3个数据集。

What's the best alternative way to achieve this?

实现这一目标的最佳替代方法是什么？

Thanks!

谢谢!

In Dart 3, you should use a Record of Futures instead of a List/Iterable so that you can have heterogeneous types. Dart 3 provides wait extensions for such Records that are similar to Future.wait. (See sudormrfbin's answer for an example.)

在DART 3中，您应该使用期货记录而不是List/Iterable，这样您就可以拥有异类类型。DART 3为类似于Future.Wait的这类记录提供等待扩展。(有关示例，请参阅susormrfbin的答案。)

If you must use Future.wait, you need to adapt each of your Future<T>s to a common type of Future. You could use Future<void> and assign the results instead of relying on return values:

如果您必须使用Future.Wait，则需要将您的每个Future S修改为一种常见的Future类型。您可以使用Future 并分配结果，而不是依赖返回值：

late List<Foo> foos;
late List<Bar> bars;
late List<FooBars> foobars;

await Future.wait<void>([
  downloader.getFoos().then((result) => foos = result),
  downloader.getBars().then((result) => bars = result),
  downloader.getFooBars().then((result) => foobars = result),
]);

processData(foos, bars, foobars);

Or if you prefer await to .then(), the Future.wait call could be:

或者，如果您更喜欢等待.Then()，则Future.Wait调用可以是：

await Future.wait<void>([
  (() async => foos = await downloader.getFoos())(),
  (() async => bars = await downloader.getBars())(),
  (() async => foobars = await downloader.getFooBars())(),
]);

2023 Update: Dart 3 Solution

With Dart 3, you no longer need a helper. You can use records (up to 9 futures).

有了DART 3，你不再需要帮手了。您可以使用记录(最多9个未来)。

// Calling this will start the function execution
Future<List<Foo>> foos = downloader.getFoos();
Future<List<Bar>> bars = downloader.getBars();

// Will run in parallel until both are done
final (foos, bars) = await (foosFunction, barsFunction).wait;

// Do stuff with the results since both are complete - and type safe!
print(foos[0]);
print(bars[0]);

Pre-Dart 3 Solution

I made a helper function that utilizes some of the logic in the other answers. It uses the tuple package, but you can write it yourself pretty easily (included below).

我制作了一个帮助器函数，它利用了其他答案中的一些逻辑。它使用元组包，但您可以很容易地自己编写它(包括在下面)。

// Put this in future_utils.dart

/// Represents a 2-tuple, or pair.
class Tuple2<T1, T2> {
  /// Returns the first item of the tuple
  final T1 item1;

  /// Returns the second item of the tuple
  final T2 item2;

  /// Creates a new tuple value with the specified items.
  const Tuple2(this.item1, this.item2);
}

Future<Tuple2<T1, T2>> await2<T1, T2>(
    Future<T1> firstFuture,
    Future<T2> secondFuture) async {
  late T1 item1;
  late T2 item2;
  await Future.wait<void>([
    (() async => item1 = await firstFuture)(),
    (() async => item2 = await secondFuture)(),
  ]);
  return Tuple2(item1, item2);
}

Then call it:

那就叫它：

Future<List<Foo>> foos = downloader.getFoos();
Future<List<Bar>> bars = downloader.getBars();

// Will run in parallel
Tuple2<List<Foo>, List<Bar>> results = await await2(foos, bars);
// Do stuff with the results since both are complete
print(results.item1[0]);
print(results.item2[0]);

Now if you want one for 3 arguments, 4, or more you can just copy and paste (await3, await4). This isn't too crazy of a pattern, I've used it for multiple lets in Kotlin and also that Tuple library I linked.

现在，如果您想要一个用于3个参数、4个或更多参数，您只需复制并粘贴(wait3，wait4)。这并不是一个太疯狂的模式，我已经在Kotlin和我链接的Tuple库中使用了它。

I think is not possible to do in a super nice fashion. All you can do is something like this:

我认为不可能以一种超级好的方式来做。你所能做的就是这样：

void main() async {
  List<List<dynamic>> result = await Future.wait<List<dynamic>>([
    getStringData(),
    getIntData(),
  ]);

  print(result[0]);
  print(result[1]);
}

Future<List<String>> getStringData() {
  return Future.value(["a", "b"]);
}

Future<List<int>> getIntData() {
  return Future.value([1, 2]);
}

I'd say the correct answer is to use the official async package and FutureGroup:

我认为正确的答案是使用官方的Async包和FutureGroup：

void main()  {
  Future<String> future1 = getData(2);
  Future<String> future2 = getData(4);
  Future<String> future3 = getData(6);
  FutureGroup futureGroup = FutureGroup();
  futureGroup.add(future1);
  futureGroup.add(future2);
  futureGroup.add(future3);
  futureGroup.close();
  futureGroup.future.then((value) => {print(value)});
}

Future<String> getData(int duration) async {
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: duration)); //Mock delay
  return "This a test data";
}

If you're using Dart 3, you can take advantage of records to do this:

如果您使用的是DART 3，则可以利用记录来执行以下操作：

Future<List<Foo>> foosFuture = downloader.getFoos();
Future<List<Bar>> barsFuture = downloader.getBars();
Future<List<FooBars>> foobarsFuture = downloader.getFooBars();

final (foos, bars, foobars) = await (foosFuture, barsFuture, foobarsFuture).wait;

processData(foos, bars, foobars);

This works because of the wait property defined on 2-element records via the FutureRecord2 extension. They are defined till FutureRecord9, so you're safe as long as you have less than 10 futures to await on like this.

这是因为通过FutureRecord2扩展在2元素记录上定义了等待属性。它们是在FutureRecord9之前定义的，所以只要你有不到10个期货可以像这样等待，你就是安全的。

There's a section in the language tour that covers this better than the API docs.

语言教程中有一节比API文档更好地介绍了这一点。

Well, type T is a generic type

类型T是一个泛型类型

You know your types, so you can work with them.

你知道你的类型，所以你可以和他们一起工作。

If your are using a FutureBuilder, you can access the different results using this. (same order you put them in the Future.wait method)

如果您使用的是FutureBuilder，则可以使用此选项访问不同的结果。(与在Future.Wait方法中放置它们的顺序相同)

snapshot.data[0] // maybe type List<Foo>
snapshot.data[1] // maybe type List<Bar>
snapshot.data[2] // maybe type String