I am working on a small Desktop Application in C++ using wxWidgets, it is about visualizing different types of sorting. In order to keep GUI responsive while the sorting is taking place and being drawn on the screen I am trying to do some work on a different thread, but I know that GUI updates must take place from the main thread - so I found a tutorial in which CallAfter was used so that GUI was updated from the main thread. However, the result I am getting is that the table is being sorted almost immediately (by worker thread) and gets displayed on screen but the GUI freezes for some time and gets updated a lot (nothing changes on the screen as the table gest sorted at the beginning).

我正在用C++开发一个使用wxWidget的小型桌面应用程序，它是关于可视化不同类型的排序的。为了在排序和绘制屏幕时保持图形用户界面的响应性，我试图在不同的线程上做一些工作，但我知道图形用户界面更新必须从主线程进行-所以我找到了一个教程，其中使用了CallAfter，以便从主线程更新图形用户界面。然而，我得到的结果是，表几乎立即被排序(通过工作线程)，并显示在屏幕上，但图形用户界面冻结了一段时间，并进行了大量更新(屏幕上没有任何变化，因为表最早是在开始排序的)。

Some of the code Im talking about:

我正在谈论的一些代码：

#include "GUIMyFrame1.h"

GUIMyFrame1::GUIMyFrame1(wxWindow* parent)
    :
    MyFrame1(parent), _maxElemValue{ 25 }
{
    UpdateTabSize();
    Draw();
}

void GUIMyFrame1::drawPanelOnSize(wxSizeEvent& event)
{
    Draw();

}

void GUIMyFrame1::m_slider_Num_of_ElemOnScroll(wxScrollEvent& event)
{
    _maxElemValue = _tab.size();
    UpdateTabSize();
    Draw();

}

void GUIMyFrame1::m_button_SortOnButtonClick(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    auto f = [this]() {
        for (int i = 0; i < _tab.size() - 1; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < _tab.size() - i - 1; j++) {

                wxGetApp().CallAfter([this, j] {
                    Draw();
                    });

                if (_tab[j + 1] < _tab[j])
                    std::swap(_tab[j + 1], _tab[j]);
            }
        wxGetApp().CallAfter([this] {
            Draw();
        });
    };

    std::thread worker(f);

    worker.detach();
}

void GUIMyFrame1::m_button_ShuffleOnButtonClick(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    UpdateTabSize();
    Draw();
}

void GUIMyFrame1::Draw()
{
    wxClientDC dc1(drawPanel);
    wxBufferedDC dc(&dc1);

    dc.Clear();

    int w, h;

    drawPanel->GetSize(&w, &h);

    int tempWidth = w / _tab.size();
    double unitHeight = (double)h / _maxElemValue;

    int shift = GetShift(w);

    for (int i = 0; i < _tab.size(); i++) {
        wxBrush tempBrush(_tab[i]._color);
        wxPen tempPen(_tab[i]._color, 0);

        dc.SetBrush(tempBrush);
        dc.SetPen(tempPen);

        dc.DrawRectangle(
            wxRect(
                shift + i * tempWidth, h - (int)(unitHeight * _tab[i]._value) + 2,
                tempWidth, (int)(unitHeight * _tab[i]._value) - 4
            ));
    }
}

void GUIMyFrame1::UpdateTabSize()
{
    _tab.clear();
    for (int i = 0; i < m_slider_Num_of_Elem->GetValue(); i++)
        _tab.push_back(getNewRandomElement(_maxElemValue));
}

int GUIMyFrame1::GetShift(int w) {
    int AllElemWidth = _tab.size() * int(w / _tab.size());
    return (w - AllElemWidth) / 2;
}

My question is how do I fix that? I guess the whole drawing process is taking much longer than every comparison in sorting but why don't the GUI updates stop as soon as the table gest sorted? I did try std::mutex as I thought the synchronization might help, because _tab might be changed and read at the same time while sorting and drawing to screen but it didn't help.

我的问题是，我该如何解决这个问题？我猜整个绘制过程在排序上比每次比较花费的时间要长得多，但是为什么不在表最短的排序之后立即停止图形用户界面更新？我确实尝试了std：：mutex，因为我认为同步可能会有帮助，因为_tag可能会在排序和绘制到屏幕时同时被更改和读取，但它没有帮助。

I think your program would work just fine if you simply replace calls to Draw() inside CallAfter() with the calls to Refresh() -- and only actually draw your window from your wxEVT_PAINT handler which is the only really supported and portable way to do it.

我认为，如果您只需将CallAfter()中对Draw()的调用替换为Refresh()调用，并且只从wxEVT_PAINT处理程序实际绘制窗口，这是唯一真正受支持和可移植的方法，那么您的程序将工作得很好。

to make it look appealing you can use a condition_variable where the worker will wait on it after every callafter and the main thread will finish drawing then notify_one on it so the worker will then continue sorting.

为了使它看起来更吸引人，您可以使用条件变量，其中辅助线程将在每次调用后等待它，主线程将完成绘制，然后对其进行NOTIFY_ONE，因此辅助线程将继续排序。

You will get exactly one frame for each modification, feel free to add an extra sleep in the worker till the result is appealing enough.

每一次修改你都会得到一帧，你可以自由地在工人身上增加一个额外的睡眠，直到结果足够吸引人为止。