This is a follow up question about cleaning a SPARQL-dataset.

这是一个关于清理SPARQL数据集的后续问题。

The dataset is gained by this cell:

该数据集由该单元格获得：

#+name: raw-dataset
#+BEGIN_SRC sparql :url https://query.wikidata.org/sparql :format text/csv :cache yes :exports both
SELECT ?wLabel ?pLabel
WHERE
{
  ?p wdt:P31 wd:Q98270496 .
  ?p wdt:P1416 ?w .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" . }
}
ORDER BY ASC(?wLabel) ASC(?pLabel)
LIMIT 10
#+END_SRC


#+RESULTS[7981b64721a5ffc448aa7da773ce07ea8dbaf8ac]: raw-dataset
| wLabel                                        | pLabel       |
|-----------------------------------------------+--------------|
| Q105775472                                    | NFDI4Health  |
| Q1117007                                      | NFDI4Health  |
| Q115254989                                    | NFDI4Objects |
| Q1205424                                      | NFDI4Objects |
| Q17575706                                     | NFDI4Objects |
| Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg | Text+        |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Culture |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Memory  |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Objects |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | Text+        |

As a second step I take a look at the data using zsh:

作为第二步，我使用zsh查看数据：

#+begin_src sh :var data=raw-dataset :shebang "#!/opt/homebrew/bin/zsh" :exports both
echo ${data}
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
| Q105775472                                    | NFDI4Health  |
| Q1117007                                      | NFDI4Health  |
| Q115254989                                    | NFDI4Objects |
| Q1205424                                      | NFDI4Objects |
| Q17575706                                     | NFDI4Objects |
| Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg | Text+        |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Culture |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Memory  |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | NFDI4Objects |
| Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz      | Text+        |

All fine and I can start with the cleaning part, getting rid of all lines containing Q....:

一切正常，我可以从清理部分开始，去掉所有包含Q...的行：

#+begin_src sh :var data=raw-dataset :exports both :shebang "#!/opt/homebrew/bin/zsh"
echo ${data} | grep -L -E "Q[1-9]"
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:

Somehow using the -L does not work.
But without (-L) I get the results as expected from the code:

不知何故，使用-L并不起作用。但是如果没有(-L)，我会从代码中获得预期的结果：

#+begin_src sh :var data=raw-dataset :shebang "#!/opt/homebrew/bin/zsh" :exports both
echo ${data} | grep -E "Q[1-9]"
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
| Q105775472 | NFDI4Health  |
| Q1117007   | NFDI4Health  |
| Q115254989 | NFDI4Objects |
| Q1205424   | NFDI4Objects |
| Q17575706  | NFDI4Objects |

Question: Why is -L not working and how can I get rid of the lines starting with Q....?

问：为什么L不工作，我怎么才能去掉以Q开头的行...？

To exclude lines beginning with Q and then a digit:

要排除以Q开头然后是数字的行，请执行以下操作：

• ... | grep -v '^Q[0-9]'


• ... | grep -Pv '^Q\d'

As mentioned in the comment, -L is a rare commandline option (--files-without-match), for excluding entire files. -v is quite common, for excluding lines matching the pattern or patterns. The v, as mentioned in man grep is from --invert-match

正如评论中提到的，-L是一个罕见的命令行选项(--FILES-WITH-MATCH)，用于排除整个文件。-v非常常见，用于排除与一个或多个模式匹配的行。如man grep中所述，v来自--invert-Match